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- Path: polarnet.com!floyd
- From: floyd@polarnet.com (Floyd Davidson)
- Newsgroups: comp.dcom.modems,comp.dcom.telecom.tech
- Subject: Re: Slower modem connections thru T1/channel bank
- Date: 22 Feb 1996 07:23:16 GMT
- Organization: __________
- Message-ID: <4gh5l4$a0l@zippy.cais.net>
- References: <4g5rcc$5gr@mercury.IntNet.net> <4ge6sd$65f@eri.erinet.com> <4gfe93$4nq@brickbat.mindspring.com>
- Reply-To: floyd@tanana.polarnet.com
- NNTP-Posting-Host: tanana.polarnet.com
-
- cewyatt@cew.com wrote:
- >The ISP I use has also been bitten by the dreaded "channel bank" problem.
- >After rigorous testing with BellSouth (the local RBOC) and US Robotics (the
- >ISP uses USR Total Control racks), it was finally determined that the channel
- >banks are somehow inducing some digital "noise" which thereby limits the
- >connect speed. As a test, the RBOC put in one T1 line direct off of the
- >switch to a TC rack and connects on that are running excellent, with a lot of
- >people getting consistant 28.8, 31.2 and 33.6 connection rates. Of course,
- >the straight T1 is a LOT more expensive than the ones coming from the channel
- >banks, which are a curse to society, IMHO.
-
- Your observations and conclusions are right on the target.
-
- +------+ +-----------+
- | modem|_____analog____//____| CO |_______\ digital to
- | bank | line // | line card | / the pstn
- +------+ +-----------+
-
- \___ significant ___/
- analog loop
-
-
- A normal telephone line... The length of the analog loop more or
- less determines the bandwidth of the entire circuit. The AD-DA
- conversion in the "CO line card" determines the absolute best
- possible S/N because it generates error noise (quanitization
- noise) equal to a S/N of 37 dB. It is likely that the
- analog loop S/N is not that good to start with...
-
- The problem is that noise adds up, but the signal level does not.
- So if the analog loop has a given level of noise and the CO line
- card has exactly the same level of noise, the total is 3dB higher
- than either alone. (If the two are different by a greater amount,
- the lesser one adds less, and anything more than 6 dB different
- can be ignored for practical purposes.)
-
- In the specific case where the two noise sources are equally at a
- 37 dB S/N, the combined noise will give a S/N of 34 dB. I don't
- have v.34 specs at hand, but if memory servers that will allow a
- 28.8Kbps connection with a couple dB to spare.
-
- Now lets add this extra channel bank in:
-
-
- At the customer end:
-
- +------+ +-----------+
- | modem|_____analog____//____| Chan Bank |_______\ digital to
- | bank | line // | FXS card | / central office
- +------+ +-----------+
-
- \___ very _short_ ___/
- (very _good_)
- analog loop
-
-
- At the CO end:
-
- +-----------+ +-----------+
- \__| Chan Bank |________| CO |_______\ digital to
- / | FXO card | | line card | / the pstn
- +-----------+ +-----------+
-
- digital analog
- facility link
-
- In this case we have a channel bank (with an additional AD-DA
- conversion which adds quanitization noise). The extra noise
- sets the absolute _best_ S/N at 34 dB (if the entire rest of
- the circuit is significantly better than that, which is not
- likely). Most likely the rest of the circuit will all total
- add just about that same amount of noise, and the result is
- maybe about a 31 dB S/N and instead of a 28.8 Kbps connection
- the modems connect at 26.4Kbps, at best.
-
- If the digital facility from the customer location goes directly
- to a digital interface to the switch, thus skipping the extra
- AD-DA conversion, the quanitization noise is reduced by as much as
- 3 dB on really good lines, and faster connections occur.
-
- Now, with all that said... understand that the telco
- specification for S/N is 24 dB or better for normal lines. So
- called data conditioned lines sometimes can be arranged for, and
- they still only guarantee a 28 dB S/N. All of which is to say
- that in either configuration it should be obvious that the
- customer is getting far better parameters than is required.
- Indeed, a worst case digital facility using channel banks might be
- significantly better than an all copper/analog loop if that loop
- is just an average loop!
-
- I'm not at all sure why the telco would charge more for a digital
- interface at the CO, or for that matter why they would install the
- extra equipment in the first place and force a customer to use the
- channel bank analog interface!
-
- Floyd
-
- --
- Floyd L. Davidson Salcha, Alaska floyd@tanana.polarnet.com
-